Media Monitoring Africa (MMA) in partnership with the IEC introduced an initiative called The Real411 to help fight the disinformation war. Nomshado Lubisi, MMA communications manager, says while there was a spread of disinformation across the internet during this period, it did not derail the process. "From an overview of the period, it didn’t seem to be a deliberate strategy of disinformation campaigning - although we are still busy with some research into this." "There is definitely a threat of future disinformation campaigns in election periods. I think that we aren’t seeing a decline, rather an increase in the use of social media in election campaigning, and with that, an increase in potential disinformation online. I think we have to be proactive about the threats of disinformation, and that’s why a platform such as The Real411 is such an important initiative," Lubisi said.